Symbolism Of Macbeth Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

Imagery Of Macbeth Essay, Research Paper The disaster of Macbeth is loaded up with dry and representative components. All through the dramatization Shakespeare utilizes a arrangement of conditions to epitomize both great and malevolence. The four significant pictures he utilizes are light and obscurity, the figure three, feathered creatures, and blood. The difference of noticeable radiation and haziness is appeared all through the dramatization. The noticeable radiation represents life and felicity, while the murkiness represents malice and expire. Before Macbeth slayings Duncan there is an incredible exchange of light appeared in the show. After the killing the noticeable radiation twists into dimness, non just the murkiness of perish, all things considered yet other than the dimness of impropriety. The killing has constrained Macbeth to experience the ill effects of a sleeping disorder. After the killing he states shouts, ? Rest no more! /Macbeth does kill kip? # 8230 ; ? Glamis hath killed sleep, and consequently/Clawdor/Shall rest no more. Macbeth will kip no more? ( II, ii,46-47,54-57 ) He can non unsettle the recollections and blame he feels about killing Duncan. Woman Macbeth other than experiences the murkiness. From the start she is non influenced by the killing ; all things considered in the terminal she is the person who endures the most. In the finishing up yearss of her life, Lady Macbeth begin to kip walk. She can't tumbled from the profound repulsions of the haziness and her alarm of find. She fears the dim and uses the noticeable radiation to endeavor to disguise from the fallen angels of the dull, with an end goal to free of her fallen angels. In Act V, the doctor and the woman ticker Lady Macbeth stroll into the noticeable radiation from the dimness of resting: Specialist: ? How came she by that light. # 8221 ; Woman of honor: # 8221 ; Why, it remained by her. She has light by her constantly. # 8216 ; Tis her offer # 8221 ; ( V, i,23-25 ) . Here Lady Macbeth orders that she has light by her by any stretch of the imagination times, to help departure from the murkiness. The difference of noticeable radiation and dull is depicted so definitely to demo that the workss of haziness, the killing, eclipse the noticeable radiation. The figure three is utilized all through the show as a image of unethical behavior. The figure itself customarily is viewed as unfortunate. The main clasp the figure shows up is in the fourth scene of the dramatization with the three enchantresss, or on the other hand eldritch sisters. First magician: ? Threefold the streaked feline that mewed. # 8221 ; Second magician: ? Threefold, and one time the support pig whimpered. # 8221 ; First sorcerer: ? Dayss and darks has thirty-one # 8221 ; ( IV, i,1,2,7 ) . Another representation is the three apparitions provide for Macbeth at his second encounter with the enchantresss. Macbeth # 8217 ; s name is called three clasp before called before they, the enchantresss talk. First Enchantress: ? All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis. ? Second Enchantress: ? All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! ? Third Enchantress: ? All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be top dog existence in the wake of death! ? ( I, iii,51-53 ) The word three is appeared in other setting as great. The Doorman in Act II is by all accounts providing some entertaining easing for the crowd, however it goes further than that. He discloses to the crowd that the figure three and soaking up does non brand for a decent blend. He shows that the two play a significant work in the show. Doorman: # 8221 ; # 8230 ; and guzzle, sir, is an extraordinary instigator of three things # 8221 ; ( II, iii,25-26 ) . Here he might be referencing to the three lethal ghost that the three enchantresss are to at long last state Macbeth about. Winged creatures other than are referenced in the dramatization to embody both great and abhorrence, often resembling the obvious radiation and dimness subject. The marlet and Wrens are utilized to epitomize goodness, while the Corvus corax and flying creature of Minerva are utilized to embody indecency. The Corvus corax, is utilized to condition of the dispatch that illuminates Lady Macbeth that King Duncan is coming. Woman Macbeth shouts, ? The Corvus corax himself is dry/That croaks the lethal portal of Duncan. # 8221 ; Not only is the Corvus corax # 8217 ; s voice is generally thought to be a call of perish, yet is other than an image of expire itself alongside insidiousness and obscurity. The fowl of Minerva, other than appeared as an image of haziness and unethical behavior, is utilized all through the show. The winged creature of Minerva is a fledgling of the dim furthermore, seems ordinarily as a sign of expire and unethical behavior. Once again Lady Macbeth shouts: ? It was the winged creature of Minerva that screeched, the deadly bellboy,/Which gives the stark # 8217 ; st great nite # 8221 ; ( II,2,5-6 ) . Again in Act II, in Old Man? s discussion with Ross, he states, ? A hawk, tow? ringing in her pride of topographic point,/Was by a mousing flying creature of Minerva sold at and executed. ? ( II, iv,15-16 ) This announcement by the Old Man proposes that the dull winged creature, the flying creature of shamelessness and obscurity, has in the long run struck, with the killing of Duncan. At that point in Act IV, the fledgling of Minerva returns to home base again, this clasp to benefit from Woman Macduff: ? The most undersized of feathered creatures will fight,/Her juvenile 1s in her home, against the owl. ? Lennox arrangements of an? dubious winged animal? that? Clamored the whole dim? ( II, iii,67-68 ) . One may reason that this? dubious winged animal? that he discusses is the winged animal of Minerva. Shakespeare utilizes blood to exemplify numerous occasions, runing from grant for a triumph decent won to blame from noxious killing of an extraordinary male ruler. The primary notice to blood we find in the dramatization depict # 8220 ; blood # 8221 ; as great and genuine. Lord Duncan articulates # 8220 ; What wicked grown-up male is that? # 8221 ; ( I, i,1 ) sing an obviously wicked warrior after he has battled a long murmuring clash to secure Malcolm. The blood here represents goodness and grant. A couple of lines farther, blood is again appeared as an image of grant. The Chief, referencing to Macbeth, cheers with the triumph of their contention and says, # 8221 ; Contemning Fortune, with waved steel,/Which smoked with bleeding execution. # 8221 ; ( I, ii,19-20 ) These are a couple of uncommon happenings in the show that depict # 8220 ; blood # 8221 ; as great and genuine. Starting here on the notices to blood are utilized to embody unethical behavior, rather than goodness and grant. The scene is that of the killing of King Duncan. After Macbeth slayings Duncan, he comes back to his room where the male ruler # 8217 ; s blood has immersed Macbeth # 8217 ; s authorities. Woman Macbeth reveals to her hubby to travel and fringe the dozing monitors for the title, # 8220 ; Go, convey them and smear/The tired grooms with blood. # 8221 ; ( II, ii,63-64 ) Macbeth does as such and he other than attempts to flush his authorities with H2O to unclutter his name of the title, as his wedded lady had taught him to make, however can't free his second thoughts of the blame ; ? Will every extraordinary Neptune? s sea wash this blood/Clean from my manus? No, this my manus will rather/The innumerable oceans incarnadine # 8230 ; ? ( II, ii,78-80 ) This clasp the # 8220 ; blood # 8221 ; represents the malicious title of killing King Duncan. Blood again, as indecency, shows up in Act V. Here Lady Macbeth is suffering from the blame of the killing, she says # 8220 ; Out, condemned topographic point, out, I state! # 8230 ; Yet who might hold figured the elderly person/to have had such a great amount of blood in him? # 8230 ; Here # 8217 ; s the scent of the blood still. Every one of/the smells of Arabia will non dulcify this little/hand. O, O, O! # 8221 ; ( V, i,37,41-42,53-55 ) The blame of the malevolent killing has defeated Lady Macbeth and has made her hold villains. The blame appeared to hold overwhelmed Macbeth at chief, by the by he had the option to free of the inclination. Woman Macbeth on the different manus appeared to non to be shaken by the killing from the start, however in the terminal, the solid blame caused the perish of her. Shakespeare utilizes a grouping of imagery to better portray the condition of affairss that happen all through the cataclysm. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth experience the ill effects of the corruption and dimness that is represented in the show, through the use of imagery.

Radioactive Dating

Dating methods are strategies utilized by researchers to decide the age of an example. 2 sorts of Dating: *Relative Dating *Absolute Dating Relative Dating - strategies tell just on the off chance that one example is more established or more youthful than another example. - They don't give an age in years. Stratigraphy - Main Relative Dating Method - is the investigation of layers of rocks or the items inserted inside those layers. - in light of the supposition that more profound layers were stored before, and therefore are more seasoned than progressively shallow layers. Seriation is the requesting of articles as per their age.James Ford †utilized seriation to decide the sequential request of American Indian earthenware styles in the Mississippi Valley. Outright dating * any technique for estimating the age of an occasion or article in years. * To decide the outright times of fossils and rocks, * researchers dissect isotopes of radioactive components. Isotopes * particles of a similar component that have a similar number of protons yet various quantities of neutrons. * Most isotopes are steady, implying that they remain in their unique structure. * Other isotopes are temperamental. * Scientists call insecure isotopes radioactive.Radioactive rot * Radioactive isotopes will in general separate into stable isotopes of the equivalent or different components. * Refers to the procedure in which a radioactive type of a component is changed over into a rot item at a standard rate. †This dating is definitely not a solitary technique for total dating yet rather a gathering of related strategies for total dating of tests. * Because radioactive rot happens at a consistent rate, * Scientists can utilize the general measures of steady and shaky isotopes present in an article to decide the object’s age. Dating Rocks †How Does It Work? In radioactive rot, a temperamental radioactive isotope of one component separates into a stable isotope.* The steady is otope might be of a similar component or of an alternate component. Parent isotope * The temperamental radioactive isotope. Girl isotope * The steady isotope delivered by the radioactive rot of the parent isotope. * The pace of radioactive rot is consistent so researchers can contrast the measure of parent material and the measure of little girl material to date rock. The more girl material there is the more established the stone is. Outright Dating Methods Cation-Ratio Dating †used to date rock surfaces, for example, stone antiques and precipice and ground drawings.- this strategy must be applied to rocks from desert regions, where the varnish is generally steady. *Thermoluminescence Dating †extremely valuable for deciding the time of ceramics. Has the upside of covering the time interim among radiocarbon and pottasium-argon dating or 40,000,000 years. *Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) †fundamentally the same as thermoluminescence dating, the two of which are considered â€Å"clock setting†. * This strategy can be utilized to decide the time of unheated residue les than 500,000 years of age. an inconvenience to this strategy is that so as to get precise outcomes, the residue to be tried can't be presented to light, making examining troublesome. Radiometric Dating Determining the supreme age of an example, in view of the proportion of parent material to little girl material. In the event that you know the pace of rot for a radioactive component in a stone you can make sense of the supreme age of the stone. Half-life * the time required for half of an example of a radioactive substance to experience radioactive decay.After each half-life, the measure of parent material reduction by one-half. Kinds of Radiometric Dating Scientists utilize distinctive radiometric-dating techniques dependent on the assessed age of an article. * There are four radiometric-dating procedures. 1. Potassium-Argon Method * Potassium-40 has a half-existence o f 1. 3 billion years, and it rots leaving a girl material of argon. * This strategy is utilized essentially to date shakes more established than 100,000 years. * Relies on the way that when volcanic rocks are warmed to incredibly high temperatures, they discharge any argon caught in them. 2. Uranium-Lead Method * Uranium-238 is a radioactive isotope with a half-existence of 4. 5 billion years.Uranium-238 rots in a progression of steps to lead-206. * The uranium-lead technique can be utilized to date shakes in excess of 10 million years of age. 2 kinds of Uranium-Lead Dating *Daughter insufficiency techniques *Daughter abundance strategies * In little girl lack circumstances, the parent radioisotope is at first kept without anyone else, without its girl (the isotope into which it rots) present. * For the situation of little girl overabundance, a bigger measure of the girl is at first saved than the parent. 3. Rubidium-Strontium Method * The flimsy parent isotope rubidium-87 structure s a steady little girl isotope strontium-87.The half-existence of rubidium-87 is 49 billion years * This strategy is utilized for rocks more established than 10 million years. 4. Carbon-14 Method * used to date charcoal, wood, and other organic materials. * Carbon is typically found in three structures,, the steady isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-13 and the radioactive isotope carbon-14. * Living plants and creatures contain a steady proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12. 1. When a plant or creature passes on, no new carbon is taken in. 2. The measure of carbon-14 starts to diminish as the plant or creature rots. 3. The half-existence of carbon-14 is 5,730 years.The carbon-14 technique for radiometric dating is utilized for the most part for dating things that lived inside the most recent 50,000 years. †Radiocarbon (14C) is a radioactive type of the component carbon. It rots precipitously into nitrogen-14 (14N). Fossils: proof of previous existence Fossils are the protected remain s or hints of creatures (additionally known aszoolites), plants, and different living beings from the remote past. The totality of fossils, both found and unfamiliar, and their situation in fossiliferous (fossil-containing) rock arrangements and sedimentary (layers) is known as the fossil record. - Fossilization forms continue diversely as indicated by tissue type and outer conditions:†1. Permineralization is a procedure of fossilization that happens when a living being is covered. .2. Throws and forms The rest of the creature molded gap in the stone is called an outside shape. In the event that this gap is later loaded up with different minerals, it is a cast. An endocast or inward shape is framed when silt or minerals fill the inner hole of a creature. 3. Authigenic mineralisation This is a unique type of cast and shape arrangement. he living being (or part of living being) can go about as a core for the precipitation of minerals, for example, siderite, bringing about a knob conforming to it. 4. Substitution and recrystallization Replacement happens when the shell, bone or other tissue is supplanted with another mineral. A shell is supposed to be recrystallized when the first skeletal mixes are as yet present however in an alternate precious stone structure, as from aragonite to calcite. 5. Adpression (pressure impression) Compression Fossils, for example, those of fossil plants, are the aftereffect of concoction decrease of the perplexing natural atoms making the living being's tissues.However, the phytoleim is lost and all that remaining parts is an impression of the creature in the stone an impression fossil. 6. Carbon films are meager film coatings which comprise overwhelmingly of the synthetic component carbon. 7. Bioimmuration happens when a skeletal life form congests or in any case subsumes another living being, safeguarding the last mentioned, or an impression of it, inside the skeleton Paleontologists depend on stratigraphy to date fossils. St ratigraphy is the study of disentangling the â€Å"layer-cake† that is the sedimentary record.If a fossil is found between two layers whose ages are known, the fossil's age is professed to lie between the two known ages. Sorts of Fossils: 1. Record †(otherwise called manage fossils, marker fossils or zone fossils) will be fossils used to characterize and distinguish geologic periods (or faunal stages). 2. Follow †comprise predominantly of tracks and tunnels, yet in addition incorporate coprolites (fossil defecation) and stamps left by taking care of. †are especially critical on the grounds that they speak to an information source that isn't restricted to creatures with handily fossilized hard parts, and they reflect creature behaviours.Transitional †is any fossilized survives from a real existence structure that shows qualities regular to both a hereditary gathering and its inferred relative gathering. This is particularly significant where the relative ga thering is strongly separated by net life structures and method of living from the familial gathering. 4. Microfossils a distinct term applied to fossilized plants and creatures whose size is exactly at or beneath the level at which the fossil can be examined by the unaided eye. 5. Pitch Fossil tar (casually called golden) is a characteristic polymer found in numerous kinds of layers all through the world, even the Arctic.Derived A determined, improved or remaniã © fossil is a fossil found in rock made altogether later than when the fossilized creature or plant passed on: it happens when a hard fossil is liberated from a delicate stone arrangement by disintegration and redeposited in a right now framing sedimentary store. 7. Wood - wood that is saved in the fossil record. Wood is normally the piece of a plant that is best safeguarded (and most effortlessly found). Fossil wood could possibly be frozen. The fossil wood might be the main piece of the plant that has been saved: along t hese lines such wood may get an extraordinary sort of herbal name.

The role of icts in addressing challenges in higher education

The job of icts in tending to difficulties in advanced education Conceptual One of the most widely recognized issues of utilizing Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in instruction is to put together decisions with respect to mechanical prospects instead of instructive needs. In creating nations where advanced education is loaded with genuine difficulties at various levels, there is expanding strain to guarantee that innovative prospects are seen with regards to instructive requirements. This paper contends that a focal job of instructive innovation is to give extra procedures that can be utilized to address the genuine ecological and instructive difficulties looked by instructors and understudies in advanced education. The instructive needs show in Indian colleges incorporate tending to general absence of scholastic readiness, multilingual needs in English medium settings, huge class sizes and lacking educational plan structure. Utilizing contextual investigations from one higher instructive foundation, this paper shows how explicit and delibe rately considered intercessions utilizing ICTs can be utilized to address these educating and learning concerns. These models serve to show a few manners by which instructing and learning might be upgraded when employments of instructive innovation are driven by instructive requirements. The paper infers that plan of instructive innovation intercessions ought to be driven by instructive needs inside the setting of a more extensive educating and learning technique which requires purchase in of the two instructors and students. Presentation It has been recommended that data and correspondence advancements (ICTs) can and do assume various jobs in training. These incorporate giving an impetus to reexamining showing practice (Flecknoe, 2002; McCormick Scrimshaw, 2001); building up the sort of graduates and residents required in a data society (Department of Education, 2001); improving instructive results (particularly pass rates) and upgrading and improving the nature of educating and learning (Wagner, 2001; Garrison Anderson, 2003). While these recommend the potential effect of ICTs in instruction by and large and India specifically, it is as yet hard to exhibit the capability of advancements in tending to explicit educating and learning issues looked by Indian advanced education organizations. The proposal of this paper is that the capability of ICTs is sandwiched between expanding pressure on advanced education establishments from government to meet the social change and abilities needs of India, and the differing under study scholastic readiness, huge class sizes and multilingualism at present experienced in these instructing and learning settings. Our speculation lines up with others, (for example, Kirkup Kirkwood, 2005; Wagner, 2001) who contend that it is the contextualized educating and realizing needs that should drive the ICT mediation, as opposed to the innovation itself. In India, contextualization of instructing and learning requires a tightrope stroll between advanced education goals and social-social setting of the instructive scene. This paper delineates by methods for models drawn from one advanced education establishment how instructive needs can drive structure of learning situations and mechanical use. The inquiry driving this paper is: How may instructive innovation mediations address theteaching and learning difficulties looked by Indian advanced education foundations? We examine the general and explicit instructive difficulties. These difficulties at that point give a setting to an ICT intercession structure which is portrayed and instances of the utilization of this system in educational program ventures are talked about. Difficulties FACING HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA General difficulties As of now, advanced education in India is feeling the squeeze to meet the social change and aptitudes needs of the new India (Kistan, 2002). Simultaneously it is under huge outer and inner strain to enhance its strategy and conveyance execution (De Clercq, 2002). One of the pointers of social change in instruction is expanding the segment portrayal among graduates and decreasing the segment distinction between understudy admission and graduate throughput. The National Higher Education Plan (2001) traces the job of advanced education organizations in the new India: The key difficulties confronting the Indian advanced education framework stay as laid out inthe White Paper: ‘to change past disparities and to change the advanced education systemto serve another social request, to meet squeezing national needs, and to react to newrealities and openings (White Paper: 1.1). (Division of Education India,2001.) Besides, late government arrangement has included weight advanced education organizations by connecting subsidizing to throughput. At the end of the day, dissimilar to in the past when establishments were financed on the quantity of enlisted first year understudies, subsidizing is currently connected to graduate throughput. Improving proficiency and tending to the value needs of the nation raises clashing difficulties for advanced education foundations (Scott, 2004: 1). These difficulties are exacerbated by the way that most understudies enter college under-arranged and in this way require more help to connect the holes in the necessary information and aptitudes (Paras, 2001). Moreover, in 2005 quality affirmation audits1 concentrating on the institutional administration of center elements of instructing and learning, research and network commitment were led at Indian advanced education foundations. The test for advanced education foundations is in this manner not just about expandin g throughput as far as numbers and the decent variety of its understudy populace yet additionally includes guaranteeing quality instructive arrangement. The Indian government has distinguished the utilization of ICTs for educating and learning as a significant need. For instance, the e-Education strategy expresses: Every Indian supervisor, instructor and student in the general and further training andtraining groups will be ICT competent (that is, use ICTs unhesitatingly and innovatively to helpdevelop the aptitudes and information they need as long lasting students to accomplish individual goalsand to be full members in the worldwide network) by 2013. (Division of EducationIndia, 2004: 17) Therefore, a definitive objective of the approach is the acknowledgment of ICT-skilled administrators, instructors and students by 2013. Peruse together with the National Higher Education Plan, these two approaches have implications for instructional creators, instructors, understudies and analysts. The hidden contention of this paper is that the acknowledgment of the policys objectives to a great extent relies upon the degree to which current instructive difficulties are re-conceptualized with regards to the job that ICT can play in educating and learning. The present spotlight on instructing and learning combined with development in instructive innovation in Indian advanced education organizations (Czerniewicz et al., 2005: The job of ICTs in advanced education in India61) necessitates that we start to pose inquiries about the manners by which instructive innovation adds to tending to the instructive difficulties in the new India. Similar to the case in advanced education internati onally, Indian advanced education is feeling the squeeze to build cooperation from differing gatherings of understudies and to create the abilities required for a quickly evolving society. In the UK, for instance, interest in advanced education has expanded since the 1940s yet cooperation of higher financial gatherings despite everything surpasses that of lower financial gatherings (DFES report, 2004). While comparable, these difficulties take specific structures given Indias one of a kind history. For instance, worldwide incongruities are characterized regarding class; in India the instructive inconsistencies are showed along racial lines due to the political, monetary and social approaches of the pre-1994 period. Review of minimized gatherings and social change is subsequently fundamental to the approaches of post-1994. The Indian government has clarified that one of its points is to accomplish fair access to advanced education for recently distraught students, with assorted instr uctive foundations (Hardman Ngambi, 2003). Instruction is seen as one of the key components of accomplishing social change. It is in this instructive setting that new open doors for instructive innovation have emerged. In spite of the fact that we know that instructive difficulties request multi-pronged methodologies, which may incorporate both customary showing draws near and creative non-computerized instructional structures, it is the job of instructive innovation that is the focal point of this paper. Explicit educating and learning difficulties The significant instructing and learning difficulties confronting advanced education rotate around understudy decent variety, which incorporates, among others, assorted variety in understudies scholastic readiness, language and tutoring foundation. Instructing and learning in advanced education when all is said in done can to a great extent be described as follows: [] guidance that is excessively instructional, an absence of individual contact between educators andstudents and among understudies, evaluation techniques that are lacking to measuresophisticated learning objectives and too little open door for understudies to coordinate knowledgefrom various fields and apply what they figure out how to the arrangement of genuine world problems.(Knapper, 2001: 94) Instructing and learning in Indian advanced education fits the above depiction however likewise it needs to battle with profound established complex issues and issues stemming basically from a formerly racially isolated and inconsistent training framework. What's more, huge classes are an endemic element of most college courses representing an extra test in the educating of a different understudy populace. Indian advanced education establishments are confronted with a heap instructing and learning difficulties. In this paper we center around a couple of these: scholarly readiness, multilingulism in a first language setting, huge classes and lacking educational program desig

The Study of Bipolar Disorder Its Causes, Symptoms and Treatment. - Free Essay Example

Abstract Bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disorder that affects more than 3 million Americans every year. It is characterized by jumps between major depressive episodes where the individual is pessimistic and unmotivated and episodes of mania where the individual is dangerously optimistic, easily agitated, and reluctant to take advice from others. Biological components like genealogy and neurochemistry of an individuals brain particularly dealing with the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin, psychological components dealing with the thought processes of the individual, and sociocultural components in relation to the Theory of Learned Helplessness and gender roles are all believed factors in the development of bipolar disorder. While bipolar disorder is serious and life altering, scientists and doctors have identified therapies like counseling and medications like antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics to control the patients mood and ensure that the depressive and manic episodes occurrences are few and far between if at all allowing the individual to live a life of normalcy. The Basics of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depressive disorder, is a mood disorder characterized by extreme swings between major depressive episodes and episodes of mania, or extreme confidence. Bipolar disorder only occurs in about 1% of the global population, and it affects men and women equally. Episodes of depression or mania alike typically strike after a steady routine of daily activities or normalcy and begin with the disruption of sleep. Bipolar disorder can be extremely detrimental and disruptive to an individuals life. Both manic and depressive episodes have no specific expiration date, and in some cases can continue on for years. The earliest findings of this particular disorder can date back as far as 1st century Greece. It was not uncommon for people to display states of mania, depression, or psychosis in which cases the doctors of that time typically deemed them possessed. It was common during that time for people to be executed for having bipolar disorder. Interestingly enough, throughout history many artists, poets, musicians, and creators were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Some of these people include Walt Whitman, Ernest Hemingway, and the actress Margot Kidder. One of the characteristics that goes along with mania are huge outbursts of creativity. While the results of a manic episode for some can be detrimental, for artists and creators the outbursts can be almost influential. For example, after experiencing a two-year long manic episode, Robert Schumann, a German composer and music critic, once composed 51 pieces of music. Seemingly, professionals who rely on logic and precision are less susceptible to bipolar disorder than are artists, musicians, poets, etc whom rely on creativity and emotion. Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder As stated previously, the main symptom of Bipolar Disorder are the emotional alternations between depressive and manic episodes a patient can experience. Some emotional indicators of a manic episode can include grandiose optimism and unusually high self esteem. Consequentially, this can lead to reckless investments, spending sprees, and unsafe sex. Manic episodes can be noted by eraddic or overly optimistic behavior. The individual will become over talkative, overactive, consistently elated, but easily irritated if annoyed; there is little need for sleep, and there are fewer sexual inhibitions. Speech can be noted as loud, flighty, and hard to interrupt. Additionally, they will reject advice even though they are a danger to his or herself. Once a manic episode ends, the individual can typically crash falling into a place of severe depression. Essentially, a person with bipolar disorder cannot find their emotional middle ground. When in a depressive episode, subjects will become unmotivated or inactive. They will adopt a pessimistic view on life becoming especially sensitive to negative outcomes, expect negative outcomes, and are more likely to recall negative information. Depressive episodes have no time limit, but typically will self-terminate being replaced by a period of mania. Bipolar patients suffer through a vicious cycle of mania to depression to mania again, but can be regulated with mood stabilizers. Another indicator of bipolar disorder found in an article posted by the American Journal of Psychology, was that cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder was significantly reduced when compared to normally functioning subjects. It was found that verbal memory and executive function were particularly impaired. In a different study published by the AJP, it was found that, as children, bipolar patients tended to have difficulty functioning socially. Despite this, they did not seem to have any issues functioning scholastically. Explanations of Bipolar Disorder In a study of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it was found that there may be a genetic factor behind bipolar disorder. First-degree relatives of someone with bipolar disorder were at an increased risk for also developing the disorder. If one maternal half-sibling was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, the other sibling was at a significantly increased risk for developing said disorder. Additionally, children of adopted families were at an increased risk for developing the disorder if their biological parents also had said disorder. Essentially, genes are the basic composition of the body. They control the biochemical aspect of the body which, in turn, controls an individuals behavior. The key biochemical component in bipolar disorder is the functioning of neurotransmitters. Norepinephrine is essentially a mood booster. It increases arousal and is what makes people feel happy. In mania, norepinephrine is over abundant causing the extreme boost of self esteem and optimism. When norepinephrine is too abundant, it can be associated with violent outbursts, which can explain why during mania, bipolar patients are also easily agitated, and psychosis. During depressive episodes though, norepinephrine is lacking causing the individuals mood to be pessimistic; they can also become stoic due to the lack of arousal that would normally come from norepinephrine. Serotonin is also another neurotransmitter found to be scarce during depressive episodes. Positive emotions are demonstrated through activity in the left frontal lobe. An additional finding in bipolar depressive episodes, shown using MRI scans, was that the left frontal lobe was likely to be inactive. Sociocultural Explanations of Bipolar Disorder When discussing the inability to control stress, it seems that gender roles may play a part in the depressive state that comes along with bipolar disorder. Women more often than men suffer from severe suppression, belittling, and the feeling of helplessness. Due to this they may be at more of an effect to stress. Martin Seligman, American Psychologist educator and creator of the Theory of Learned Helplessness, argues that depressive episodes may last longer and be more common among western youth due to an epidemic of helplessness, an incline of individualism, and a decline of commitment to religion or family. He additionally notes that the individualism experienced throughout the western youth creates a feeling of sole responsibility when a negative event occurs, allowing nothing for one to fall back on other than his or herself. These ideas can feed the depressive swings associated with bipolar disorder because the individual feels that they have no metaphorical ladder to help them reach the emotional middle ground. Psychological Explanations of Bipolar Disorder Scientists suspect that the way patients think may play a large role in the reality of their situation. Meaning that, when in a depressed state, the bipolar patient will think in terms of blaming his or herself causing the depression to continue and creating thought processes like I cant do anything right which only contributes to the growth of the depressive episode. David G. Myers, author of Psychology: The 7th Edition, writes that people in depressive episodes tend to explain bad events in terms that are stable (its going to last forever), global (its going to affect everything), and internal (its all my fault) (Myers, 640). This is part of what is believed to keep a bipolar patient in a depressed state, never reaching normalcy, and potentially jumping into mania if and once the abundance of norepinephrine returns. Treatment for Bipolar Disorder When experiencing depressive episodes, there is a lack of norepinephrine and serotonin. Due to this, the use of antidepressants is typically part of the treatment for depressive episodes. Antidepressants such as Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil aim to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, increasing the existence of both neurotransmitters in the brain. When experiencing episodes of mania, antipsychotic drugs are seemingly useful because they help to block the stimulus to send out norepinephrine to the brain. This combined with the anti-depressants equalizes the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine existing in the brain which creates the middle ground that the patient cannot achieve on their own. Some examples of antipsychotics are olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine. Doctors may also prescribe a mood stabilizer in conjunction with the antidepressant, antipsychotic, or both. Some common mood stabilizers are lithium, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. Other forms of treatment may include day treatment programs like counseling while one gets his or her symptoms under control. In severe cases where the patient becomes dangerous to his or herself or to others, the doctors may suggest hospitalization. Conclusion While bipolar disorder can be detrimental to an individuals lifestyle, due to modern medicine and therapies there is treatment that can stabilize the mood swings. With medical assistance and counseling patients can typically return to a normal lifestyle. Without medication though, it becomes difficult for the individual to hold jobs regularly, and there is typically issues with social functioning in adolescents and teens. While genealogy, psychology, and sociocultural aspects do play a role in bipolar disorder, the key to controlling the disorder seems to be controlling the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin.

The Doctrine of Constructive Notice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2346 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Level High school Did you like this example? ROUGH DRAFT FOR COMPANY LAW PROJECT ON THE DOCTRINE OF CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE PRELLIMINARY STAGE CONTENTS HISTORICAL ANALYSIS SHORT INTRODUCTION AIM OF THE PROJECT PROPOSED RESEARCH QUESTION DOCTRINE OF CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE AND ITS LIMITATIONS CONCLUSION Historical Analysis: A Preview Of The Doctrine Of Constructive Notice The doctrine of constructive notice owes ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s origins to the United Kingdom where it was evolved on the demands of the companies so as to protect their interest against the dealings with third parties, The historical background of the doctrine is divided into two parts which is before and after 1855, since the concept of limited liability was made applicable in this year,[1] that time unlimited liability concept of shareholders ended and thus there was an urgent need felt to safeguard the companies liability. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In that they presumed to have knowledge of companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s document filed with the registrar, which are open to public for inspection and with the right to have certified 9 copies of relevant extract from them. Section 610 of our Companies Act 1956[2] contains this provision, irrespective of the fact, whether the third parties have the knowledge or not.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [3] Constructive notice refers to a legal fiction so that in a case concerning a person that person is deemed or construed to have prior information about the case even if he does not, however later it was understood that is such a procedure is to be followed than the law would be a little harsh on the less observant ones.[4] The brutality of the Doctrine of Constructive notice is to some degree lessened by the Tenet of Indoor administration or Turquands Rule'[5]. Initially the common law doctrine of constructive notice was laid in the case of Ernest v. Nicholls[6]and it was further explained in the case of Mahony v. East Holyford Mining Co[7] case, Master Wensleydale in Ernest case took the view that the tenets of organization would apply without the convention of helpful risk. The destination was to hold the shareholders obligated. The perception of Lord Wensleydale is not clear. Then again, it gives the idea that he appears to have recognized that it was to dodge this come about that the lawmaking body wanted to oblige an organization to enroll articles along these lines to make accessible the world data in order to make accessible to the world data in respect to who were the persons commissioned to tie the shareholders. Thus after ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s initial years of explanation it became a valid point of argument for the third parties that the doctrine was still a bit harsh on them and the courts both in India and abroad grew reluctant about ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application. There grew to be many instances in which it was not practical enough to ascertain whether the sanctions for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions was there in the MOA and AOA or not and also the third parties were very fearful to ask the directors about it in the first place thus as a substitute the doctrine of Indoor management was culled out in the case of Royal Bank vs. Turquand[8] to mitigate the loss of the third parties. The courts in India also subsequentl y rejected the application of this doctrine in likewise in the case of Dehradun Mussoorie Electric Tramway Co. v. Jagamanandaradas[9]the Allahabad high court rejected ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application holding the company liable as the directors had borrowed money which was in non-compliance with the MOA and also without resolution by members. Furthermore, in the case of Liquidator, Manasube Co. (P.) Ltd. v. Commissioner of Police[10] the court held that it was duty of the third party lenders to acquaint themselves with the details of MOA of a company but it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that they have to embark upon an investigation so as to know about the legality of the dealings and regularity of directors. SHORT INTRODUCTION AND PARADOX: TODAYà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S RELEVANCE In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recent times the doctrine of constructive notice can be best described as an unreal doctrine[11] or legal fiction it could never have been true given the kind of impracticality that it surfaced however through the years ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application has brought a lot of disadvantage to the third parties and reaped undue benefits for the company and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s directors. Innumerable parties enter into various contracts on a daily basis however this doctrine expects each and every one of such parties to know and have complete information about each and every official document and gazette of the company, even if we take that perspective in mind the validity of the transactions and dealings rarely depends upon these documents it depends upon the directors the real agents of the company. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the goodwill of the directors that matters the most. This is the primary reason why British and Indian courts have separated their ways from this doctrine, Indian courts never paid much attention to it in the first place, also the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“European Communities Act by bringing section 9à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [12] into perspective which wor ks on the concept of good faith. The aforementioned stay to be the main reasons why the doctrine of Indoor Management[13] has been originated to lessen the rigor of the former doctrine, which gives a certain amount of freedom and latitude to the third parties so as to assume something on their part which any common man of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ordinary prudenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [14] would be sensible enough so as to assume. THE FUNDAMENTAL PREMISE OF THE PROJECT The doctrine of constructive notice has shown its merits and demerits well a greater deal of the latter in the past, however our main aim regarding this project is not just to dwell about them but to delve deeper into the fundamental of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s limitations. Furthering ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s course the project will seek to show how these limitations affected the application and development of this doctrine and how ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application has totally subsided in the modern day, getting replaced by the do ctrine of indoor management. This brings us to the research question this project seeks to put up with and answer in the subsequent state. The Research Question à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" What are the limitations that the Doctrine of Constructive Notice had since the very beginning of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s establishment and application, how it affected the cases in which it was applied, how it transformed and how these limitations could be or were eliminated by the Doctrine of Indoor Management? THE FUNDAMENTAL LIMTATIONS OF THE DOCTRINE OF CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE The fundamental difficulty that exists with this doctrine is that it presupposes a lot of things n the part of the third party which in real life are very impractical and impossible, it says that the third parties must have all the prior knowledge required to enter in a particular transaction so as to mean that even if any wrongful act be done on the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behalf the third party could not claim compens ation, like buyer beware/ caveat emptor[15] , it mitigates the duty of the company to act in good faith[16] to a very large extent. This doctrine in another of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s following limitation extends a sense of gross negligence to the fact that of the third party being at mistake, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“despite the fact that no clear run characterizing what might constitute terrible carelessness could by its extremely nature be set out, the Courts of Equity held that if a buyer of property overlooks to make legitimate and typical analyses into his sellers title, such oversight, without sensible description, might measure to horrible carelessness and the buyer must, accordingly, be altered with productive notice of realities which he might have known whether he had made such requests. This recommendation was likewise in a few cases rested on the first hypothesis of fake dismissing by saying that such exclusion from the buyer, if not demonstrated, may be proof of an outline con flicting with genuine managing to escape information of the accurate state of the title. Anyhow whatever be the legitimate hypothesis on which the recommendation may be underpinned, the rule underlying the suggestion was that a buyer of property, as a standard judicious man, is normal, for the insurance of his own investment, to make fitting and ordinary analyses into his merchants title before he buys the property and in the event that he discards to do along these lines, without any sensible description, a deduction can true blue be drawn that either he has willfully refrained from making requests with the end goal of escaping notice of realities which he might have known had he made the analyses or he is liable of terrible carelessness. This guideline was clarified by Lord Selborne, in Agra Bank v. Barry[17], where with reference to the obligation of a buyer to explore title the educated Law Lord said: It has been said in contention that examination of title and analysis after deeds is the obligation of a buyer or a mortgagee; and, doubtlessly, there are powers, which do utilize that dialect. However this, assuming that it can legitimately be known as an obligation, is not an obligation owing to the conceivable holder of an inactive title or security. It is simply the course which a man managing genuine in the correct and ordinary way for his investment, should, without anyone else present or his specialist, to accompany, with a perspective to his title and his security. In the event that he doesnt accompany that course, the oversight of it may be a thing needing to be represented or illustrated. It may be proof assuming that it is not demonstrated, of an outline conflicting with true blue managing, to evade information of the correct state of the title. What is a sufficient illustration should dependably be an inquiry to be chosen with reference to the nature and circumstances of every specific case.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [18] Another limitation of this doct rine works on the restrictions it imposes on the companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ directors, it is a fiction that could have biased effects for outcasts who work with the organization. INSTANCE Case in point, if an organizations articles of acquaintanceship confined the forces of the overseeing executive and his power to enter into contracts in the interest of the organization, an outcast may finish up a business bargain with the overseeing chief, just to find that the organization revokes the agreement, and that he is then unable to propel the organization to complete its piece of the deal in light of the fact that the overseeing executive had surpassed his power, and the organization is not lawfully bound to the arrangement. The effect of the teaching of useful perceive in this circumstance might be that the outcast couldnt contend that he was unconscious of the cutoff points of the overseeing chiefs power he might be dealt with, in law, as knowing of those points of confinemen t on the support that he had productive notice of the restrictions on the grounds that they were recorded in the organizations open archives.[19] CONCLUSION It was, additionally, a fiction that could have biased effects for outcasts who work with the organization, at the time the doctrine of constructive notice was formed. The Memorandum of Association of a Company must be stopped with the Registrar of Companies. Since this is accessible for open review, individuals working with the Company are allowed to investigate the record to check whether there is any restriction of forces or constraints put on the way of the business. This made an issue untouchables are esteemed to know any confinement put on the Directors of the Company. Hence if later, it was found that there was some unpredictability inside the Company in appreciation of any choices, untouchables having managing the Company are esteemed to be mindful of it. This got known as the regulation of productive notice. [2 0] However this made issue for outcasts who had no information if some interior system had not been agreed to. Now we have come to a juncture where the doctrine of constructive notice is not used at all by the courts and if it is used it is used in places and cases it was not originally meant for, the aforementioned limitations have forced the jurors and interpreters to come out with the Indoor Management Rule which has taken the former doctrineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s place gradually, in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world. 1 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Doctrine of Constructive Notice" essay for you Create order [1] Doctrine of Ultra Vires under Companies Act 1956, By Hari Ram Yadav, Dept. Of Law, MDU, Rohtak, https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9793/17/17_summary.pdf [2] Central Government Act, Section 610 in The Companies Act, 1956 [3] Ibid see 1. [4] Constructive notice, legal information institute, Cornell University Law School, https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/constructive_notice [5] Royal British Bank v Turquand(1856) 6 EB 327 [6] Ernest v Nicholls(1857) 6 HL Cas 401. [7] Mahony v.East Holyford Mining Co., [1875] LR 7 HL 869. [8] Royal British Bank v Turquand(1856) 6 EB 327 [9] Dehra Dun Mussoorie Electric Tramway v. Jagmandardas, AIR 1932 A;ll 141 [10] Official Liquidator of Manasube Co. Pvt. Ltd. v. Commissioner of police,[1968] 38 Com Cases 884 (Mad). [11] Doctrine of Constructive Notice, By Sameer Sharma, 06 September 2010, Lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Club India, https://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/Doctrine-of-Constructive-Notice -3133.asp#.Uxyq99YRKsZ [12] Doctrine of Ultra Vires under Companies Act 1956, By Hari Ram Yadav, Dept. Of Law, MDU, Rohtak, https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/9793/17/17_summary.pdf [13] Company Law Doctrines and Authority to Contract Andrew R. Thompson The University of Toronto Law Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1956) , pp. 248-289 Published by:University of Toronto Press, Article DOI: 10.2307/824437,Article Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/824437 [14] Standard of Care and the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Reasonable Personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Find Law, https://injury.findlaw.com/accident-injury-law/standards-of-care-and-the-reasonable-person.html. [15] Caveat Emptor Legal Definition, Latin: Buyer Beware, Duhaime Legal Dictionary, https://www.duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/C/CaveatEmptor.aspx. [16] Duty Of Good Faith, Legal Information Institute, Http://Www.Law.Cornell.Edu/Wex/Duty_Of_Good_Faith [17] Agra Bank v. Barry (1874) L.r. 7 H.l. 135 [18] Doctrine of Constructive Notice, By Sameer Sharma, 06 September 2010, Lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Club India, https://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/Doctrine-of-Constructive-Notice-3133.asp#.Uxyq99YRKsZ [19] The Companies Act of 2008 has not completely abolished constructive notice, NEWSLTTER, ROODT Inc. Attorneys, https://www.roodtinc.com/newsletter55.asp [20] THE INDOOR MANAGEMENT RULE, Wednesday, October 15, 2008, https://vijayhighcourt1.blogspot.in/2008/10/indoor-management-rule.html

Interpersonal Skills Definitions And Usage Examples For...

Interpersonal Skills: Definitions and Usage Examples for Business Settings submitted on Tuesday, 17 May 2016, 12:54 PM Listening Definition: â€Å"The ability to hear attentively and process information correctly.† (Lombardo n.d.) Use in Business: A good manager pays attention to dialogue with and between workers, peers, and seniors in the workplace. When conversing with one’s coworkers, superiors, and underlings, it is important to engage in active listening, which encourages the listener to give his/her undivided attention, empathise with the speaker, and even restate the information in the form of an accurate paraphrase to emphasise that proper attention was paid. (Carpenter M. et. al., 2009) Online Skill-Building Resource: Bacci, L. (n.d.). Why Assertiveness Matters in Business. 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Learning and Communicating Online Reflective Essay for Online Informat

Question: Write about theLearning and Communicating Online Reflective Essay for Online Information. Answer: Introduction In the present tech savvy twenty -first century, the huge impact of online information sources cannot be denied in the process of learning. As a professor of psychology at Cambridge University, I owe to the e-information sources completely. Previously, we professors were supposed to rely upon the books of the university library in order to collect sufficient knowledge on our respective subjects to teach our students (Bakia et al., 2012). Therefore, in this way, we were confined to the limited boundary of knowledge to some extent. Insofar my professional development as a professor is concerned; the useful range of e-information helps me to update my knowledge on psychology. Psychology seems to be a layered and rapid evolving subject where discovery about a new fact happens almost every day (Gikas Grant, 2013). Therefore, as a teacher I largely rely upon the e-journals and articles related to psychology which helps me to diversify my point of view so that I can think more critically. These e-sources of information help me understand the human psychological matter, especially the teenagers more minutely because I can directly apply my learning at the time of teaching my teenage students at the university. As a professor of psychology and due to my friendly approach, I am often asked to guide my students at their mental traumatic situation. Sometimes they open up and sometimes, they hesitate to do so. In such cases, I use my communication skills about which I have come across in a number of online articles and journals (Glance, Forsey Riley, 2013). Undoubtedly, the usefulness of book based authentic learning cannot be replaced; but it also cannot be denied that the book based learning as well as teaching procedure does not offer the latest and updated information and practices (Ni, 2013). Presently, I find myself more self-sufficient to understand the current mental situation of my students with my observation power. After being aware about the effectiveness of non-verbal communication process, adapted by the modern psychologists, I have also developed my communication skills with which I can teach and related with my students in a better way. As a part of my teaching profession, I am also responsible to supervise my students in their research projects. They often choose critical psychological topics like the mental growth of the children of separated parents etc where they are supposed analyze various layers of child psychology. With the help of these e-sources, I often provide them examples where the children have bad as well as good characteristic traits after the separation of their parents. With the help of such examples, I have become able to solve the doubts of my students more easily (Kirkwood Price, 2014). On the other hand, with the help of such technical advancement, I have become able to post my research journals at various online websites for psychology like PsychCentral, WebMD Mental Health etc more easily which can definitely help some other professors, students and research scholars to strengthen their document (Means et al., 2013). In this way, along with being a professor, I have evolved my role as a sha rer, consumer and producer of the online information sources related to psychology. At the time of conducting my online learning process, I often get confused about the credibility of a piece of information. As a professor of psychology, I do have a clear knowledge about the psychological factors along with their impact upon human psychology. However, there are some online blog and article aim to present their papers more in consumer digestive forms rather than with the intension to provide actual valid information which can create misconception among the readers, especially the research scholars and students (Noesgaard rngreen, 2015). If the young generation tends to learn the wrong information, say related to psychology, they can never build their career in this field because they can pass their examinations but would find difficulty at the time of implementing their misconceptions (Olson urt deMaagd et al., 2011). Therefore, the lack of credibility along with the unequal quality of the online information is often regarded as the negative aspects of online learni ng process. For example, in one of the class assignments, I found that one student has given information that boys can think more logically than the girls which has been proven completely wrong in the modern psychology (Omer et al., 2015). When I asked the students, he told me that he discovered this fact in one of the blogs of a famous psychologist. I preferably rely upon the official and authentic sites of psychology where I can get updated and authentic information about the latest regulations, practices and theories of psychology. The students can evaluate the credibility of this online information with the help of learning theories. With the help of Cognitive Constructivism learning theory, the learners can discover a certain fact from the online sources but in this process the learner needs to match the discovered fact with the existing cognitive structure. As a professor, I motivate my students to adapt this method of learning where they can taste the feeling of discovery without having any misconception (Pierce Fox, 2012). Moreover, in this way, the goals of the students to identify the proper information sources appropriately where they can find authentic information. On the other hand, by adapting Social Constructivism learning theory, the learners can also gather information from various online sources through group discussions (Xu Meyer, 2013). I often allow my students to take active participation in the group discussions where every student is supposed to share any new information related to psycho logy with its classmates. In this way, new information can be gathered by both the students along with me and it also helps the other students to contribute their shares in this discussion. As such discussions are supervised by me; the chances to acquire wrong information on psychological matters can be reduced completely. On the contrary, there is another theory called behaviorism learning theory where the learners are supposed to learn information from the public responses on the online information (Wiliam, 2013). Personally, I do not like this learning method and do not promote it among my students as it does not include the own idea, concept of the learner, rather makes them dependent upon the behavioral aspects of other people which can be right or wrong. The introduction of Blackboard Collaborate is definitely regarded as one of the major invention in the online learning and teaching procedure because it enables the teachers to communicate with their students through browser based and high-quality web conferencing medium. The speedy launching feature of this system helps the teachers like me, to make the teaching process easy with the help of sufficient amount of device supports namely Chromebooks etc. The best feature of this system which I like the most is it allow the teachers and students to take active participation regardless to the place and time (Pierce Fox, 2012). With the help of Blackboard Collaborate, the professors like me who want to guide more students through online teaching method can acquire all facilities to develop a proper e-classroom as it allows to include video and audio calls to communicate with the students more effectively. Moreover, the feature of the advanced availability of course material along with in stant feedbacks from the teachers helps the students to learn faster than the traditional classroom process. They can clarify their doubts by communicating with the teachers anytime and anywhere (Omer et al., 2015). The facilities like student trackers, assignment uploading and downloading etc enables then teachers to supervise the learning process of the students. Blackboard Collaborate works in every type of computer forms like Linux, Windows, Solaris etc along with in every internet connections like Cable modem, DSL, Ian etc. However, it also has certain disadvantages because it requires extreme technology proficiency from the teachers as well as students which seems to be challenging and time consuming. On the other hand, the internet speed along with the function of different types of computer systems creates obstacle to execute this learning process (Kirkwood Price, 2014). In addition, Blackboard Collaborate also requires high license and yearly maintenance costs which are also regarded as chief barriers insofar as the implementation of this system is concerned. However, it is the responsibility of the teachers like us to implement Blackboard Collaborate successfully by eliminating the drawbacks as much as possible. With the help of live instruction sessions, the teachers can easily monitor the learning process of their students by reducing the feelings of isolation of the students. On the other hand, the students can identify the advanced computing system with superfast internet speed among any of their classmates with whom they can execute this learning process (Xu Meyer, 2013). In this way, the teachers can also reach to a number of students at a time and can supervise their learning process. Like me, the other teachers can also employ the asynchronous content process by posting a recorded lecture on a particular topic. It will help the students whenever they log in themselves in Blackboard Collaborate (Kirkwood Price, 2014). Moreover, students who have temporary internet or computing system related issues can find the lecture after sor ting out their respective problems. In this way, the online learning process can be proved to be very useful source for the students as well as teachers. Reference List Bakia, M., Shear, L., Toyama, Y., Lasseter, A. (2012). Understanding the Implications of Online Learning for Educational Productivity.Office of Educational Technology, US Department of Education Gikas, J., Grant, M. M. (2013). Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student perspectives on learning with cellphones, smartphones social media.The Internet and Higher Education,19, 18-26 Glance, D. G., Forsey, M., Riley, M. (2013). The pedagogical foundations of massive open online courses.First Monday,18(5) Kirkwood, A., Price, L. (2014). Technology-enhanced learning and teaching in higher education: what is enhancedand how do we know? A critical literature review.Learning, media and technology,39(1), 6-36 Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R. O. B. E. R. T., Baki, M. (2013). The effectiveness of online and blended learning: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature.Teachers College Record,115(3), 1-47 Ni, A. Y. (2013). 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